More than 3000 people die per year by suicide, making it the number one killer of Australians aged 15-44 years, and fourth leading cause of death for people 45 and over.

But there are things we, as individuals, can do to help.

The thing is, a lot of times people who commit suicide don't make it to see a health professional.

They just behave "strangely" or say something to their friends, colleagues or family members.

Often these people in their lives don't know how to intervene, or don't realise the urgent need to do something.

Afterwards they often recall a weird conversation, or other warning signs.

So how do people get better at supporting people who are at risk of suicide?

Our research shows us that there are five steps that increase readiness and skill in helping someone at risk.

Firstly, know the signs.

Has the person recently lost a job or relationship? Are they saying things like "I can't do this anymore" or "I can't take it anymore"?

Are they giving away possessions or writing a will?

Are they showing that they have intense shame or guilt about something?

Secondly, take any sign seriously.

Suicide is hard to predict, so you need to act on every sign. It won't "put the idea in their head" - rather, it will provide relief.

Thirdly, take personal responsibility to help. People have a tendency to hope someone else will help when faced with a difficult situation.

If everyone does this, no one helps. If you are concerned, don't wait.

Fourthly, learn how to help. Tell them you've noticed they have been doing it tough lately. Ask how they are coping and listen.

Ask "Have you thought about suicide?"

If yes, get them to see a GP or hospital as soon as possible.

If no, keep listening. You don't have to fix it, just give them space to talk.

Finally, decide to help or find someone who can.

It's hard to be there for people when they are desperately in need - but it may just save a life.

Don't underestimate what you can do. For more information on responding to suicide risk visit www.conversationsmatter.com.au.

Dr Carina Chan and Karien Hill are researchers in the School of Psychology and Public Health at La Trobe University.